87 research outputs found
Bayesian selection for coarse-grained models of liquid water
The necessity for accurate and computationally efficient representations of
water in atomistic simulations that can span biologically relevant timescales
has born the necessity of coarse-grained (CG) modeling. Despite numerous
advances, CG water models rely mostly on a-priori specified assumptions. How
these assumptions affect the model accuracy, efficiency, and in particular
transferability, has not been systematically investigated. Here we propose a
data driven, comparison and selection for CG water models through a
Hierarchical Bayesian framework. We examine CG water models that differ in
their level of coarse-graining, structure, and number of interaction sites. We
find that the importance of electrostatic interactions for the physical system
under consideration is a dominant criterion for the model selection. Multi-site
models are favored, unless the effects of water in electrostatic screening are
not relevant, in which case the single site model is preferred due to its
computational savings. The charge distribution is found to play an important
role in the multi-site model's accuracy while the flexibility of the
bonds/angles may only slightly improve the models. Furthermore, we find
significant variations in the computational cost of these models. We present a
data informed rationale for the selection of CG water models and provide
guidance for future water model designs
Goal-oriented sensitivity analysis for lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
In this paper we propose a new class of coupling methods for the sensitivity
analysis of high dimensional stochastic systems and in particular for lattice
Kinetic Monte Carlo. Sensitivity analysis for stochastic systems is typically
based on approximating continuous derivatives with respect to model parameters
by the mean value of samples from a finite difference scheme. Instead of using
independent samples the proposed algorithm reduces the variance of the
estimator by developing a strongly correlated-"coupled"- stochastic process for
both the perturbed and unperturbed stochastic processes, defined in a common
state space. The novelty of our construction is that the new coupled process
depends on the targeted observables, e.g. coverage, Hamiltonian, spatial
correlations, surface roughness, etc., hence we refer to the proposed method as
em goal-oriented sensitivity analysis. In particular, the rates of the coupled
Continuous Time Markov Chain are obtained as solutions to a goal-oriented
optimization problem, depending on the observable of interest, by considering
the minimization functional of the corresponding variance. We show that this
functional can be used as a diagnostic tool for the design and evaluation of
different classes of couplings. Furthermore the resulting KMC sensitivity
algorithm has an easy implementation that is based on the Bortz-Kalos-Lebowitz
algorithm's philosophy, where here events are divided in classes depending on
level sets of the observable of interest. Finally, we demonstrate in several
examples including adsorption, desorption and diffusion Kinetic Monte Carlo
that for the same confidence interval and observable, the proposed
goal-oriented algorithm can be two orders of magnitude faster than existing
coupling algorithms for spatial KMC such as the Common Random Number approach
Optimal sensing for fish school identification
Fish schooling implies an awareness of the swimmers for their companions. In
flow mediated environments, in addition to visual cues, pressure and shear
sensors on the fish body are critical for providing quantitative information
that assists the quantification of proximity to other swimmers. Here we examine
the distribution of sensors on the surface of an artificial swimmer so that it
can optimally identify a leading group of swimmers. We employ Bayesian
experimental design coupled with two-dimensional Navier Stokes equations for
multiple self-propelled swimmers. The follower tracks the school using
information from its own surface pressure and shear stress. We demonstrate that
the optimal sensor distribution of the follower is qualitatively similar to the
distribution of neuromasts on fish. Our results show that it is possible to
identify accurately the center of mass and even the number of the leading
swimmers using surface only information
Accelerated Sensitivity Analysis in High-Dimensional Stochastic Reaction Networks
In this paper, a two-step strategy for parametric sensitivity analysis for
such systems is proposed, exploiting advantages and synergies between two
recently proposed sensitivity analysis methodologies for stochastic dynamics.
The first method performs sensitivity analysis of the stochastic dynamics by
means of the Fisher Information Matrix on the underlying distribution of the
trajectories; the second method is a reduced-variance, finite-difference,
gradient-type sensitivity approach relying on stochastic coupling techniques
for variance reduction. Here we demonstrate that these two methods can be
combined and deployed together by means of a new sensitivity bound which
incorporates the variance of the quantity of interest as well as the Fisher
Information Matrix estimated from the first method. The first step of the
proposed strategy labels sensitivities using the bound and screens out the
insensitive parameters in a controlled manner based also on the new sensitivity
bound. In the second step of the proposed strategy, the finite-difference
method is applied only for the sensitivity estimation of the (potentially)
sensitive parameters that have not been screened out in the first step. Results
on an epidermal growth factor network with fifty parameters and on a protein
homeostasis with eighty parameters demonstrate that the proposed strategy is
able to quickly discover and discard the insensitive parameters and in the
remaining potentially sensitive parameters it accurately estimates the
sensitivities. The new sensitivity strategy can be several times faster than
current state-of-the-art approaches that test all parameters, especially in
"sloppy" systems. In particular, the computational acceleration is quantified
by the ratio between the total number of parameters over the number of the
sensitive parameters
Short- and long-term clinical benefit of sirolimus-eluting stents compared to conventional bare stents for patients with acute myocardial infarction
AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) treated with sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) or with conventional bare stents.BackgroundThe clinical impact of SES implantation for patients with ST-segment elevation MI is currently unknown.MethodsPrimary angioplasty was performed with SESs in 186 consecutive patients with acute MI who were compared with 183 patients treated with bare stents. The incidence of death, reinfarction, and repeat revascularization was assessed at 30 and 300 days.ResultsPostprocedure vessel patency, enzymatic release, and the incidence of short-term adverse events were similar in both the sirolimus and the bare stents (30-day rate of death, reinfarction, or repeat revascularization: 7.5% vs. 10.4%, respectively; p = 0.4). Stent thrombosis was not diagnosed in any patient in the sirolimus group and occurred in 1.6% of patients treated with bare stents (p = 0.1). At 300 days, treatment with SESs significantly reduced the incidence of combined adverse events (9.4% vs. 17%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.92]; p = 0.02), mainly due to a marked reduction in the risk of repeat intervention (1.1% vs. 8.2%; HR 0.21 [95% CI 0.06 to 0.74]; p = 0.01).ConclusionsCompared to conventional bare stents, the SESs were not associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis and were effective in reducing the incidence of adverse events at 300 days in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation acute MI referred for primary angioplasty
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